MAX2831EVKIT+【PDF 32/34 页】KIT EVAL FOR MAX2831

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2.4GHz to 2.5GHz 802.11g/b

RF Transceivers with Integrated PA

Modes of Operation

The modes of operation for the MAX2831/MAX2832 are

shutdown, standby, transmit, receive, transmitter calibra-

tion, and receiver calibration. See Table 31 for a summa-

ry of the modes of operation. The logic-input pins, SHDN

(pin 12) and RXTX (pin 48), control the various modes.

Shutdown Mode

The MAX2831/MAX2832 feature a low-power shutdown

mode that disables all circuit blocks, except the serial-

interface and internal registers, allowing the registers to

be loaded and values maintained, as long as V CC is

applied. Set SHDN and RXTX logic-low to place the

device in shutdown mode.

After supply voltage ramp up, supply current in shut-

down mode could be high. Program the default value to

SPI register 0 to eliminate high shutdown current.

Standby Mode

The standby mode is used to enable the frequency

synthesizer block while the rest of the device is pow-

ered down. In this mode, the PLL, VCO, and LO gener-

ators are on, so that Tx or Rx modes can be quickly

enabled from this mode. Set SHDN to a logic-low and

RXTX to a logic-high to place the device in standby

mode.

Receive (Rx) Mode

The complete receive signal path is enabled in this

mode. Set SHDN to logic-high and RXTX to logic-low to

place the device in Rx mode.

Transmit (Tx) Mode

The complete transmitter signal path is enabled in this

mode. Set SHDN and RXTX to logic-high to place the

device in Tx mode.

Tx/Rx Calibration Mode

The MAX2831/MAX2832 feature Rx/Tx calibration modes

to detect I/Q imbalances and transmit LO leakage. In the

Tx calibration mode, all Tx circuit blocks, except the PA

driver and external PA, are powered on and active. The

AM detector and receiver I and Q channel buffers are

also on, along with multiplexers in the receiver side to

route this AM detector’s signal. In this mode, the LO

leakage calibration is done only for the LO leakage sig-

nal that is present at the center frequency of the channel

(i.e., in the middle of the OFDM or QPSK spectrum). The

LO leakage calibration includes the effect of all DC off-

sets in the entire baseband paths of the I/Q modulator

and direct leakage of the LO to the I/Q modulator output.

The LO leakage and sideband detector output are

taken at the receiver I and Q channel outputs during

this calibration phase.

During Tx LO leakage and I/Q imbalance calibration, a

sine and cosine signal (f = f TONE ) is input to the base-

band I/Q Tx pins from the baseband IC. At the LO leak-

age and sideband-detector output, the LO leakage

corresponds to the signal at f TONE and the sideband

suppression corresponds to the signal at 2 x f TONE . The

output power of these signals vary 1dB for 1dB of varia-

tion in the LO leakage and sideband suppression. To

calibrate the Tx path, first set the power-detector gain

to 9dB using D12:D11 in Register 5 (see Table 21).

Adjust the DC offset of the baseband inputs to minimize

the signal at f TONE (LO leakage). Then, adjust the base-

band input relative magnitude and phase offsets to

reduce the signal at 2 x f TONE .

In Rx calibration mode, the calibrated Tx RF signal is

internally routed to the Rx inputs. In this mode, the

VCO/LO generator/PLL blocks are powered on and

active except for the low-noise amplifier (LNA).

Applications Information

Layout Issues

The MAX2831 EV kit can be used as a starting point for

layout. For best performance, take into consideration

grounding and RF, baseband, and power-supply rout-

ing. Make connections from vias to the ground plane as

short as possible. Do not connect the device ground

pin to the exposed paddle ground. Keep the buffered

clock output trace as short as

possible. Do not share the trace with the RF input layer,

especially on or inter-layer or back side of the board.

On the high-impedance ports, keep traces short to min-

imize shunt capacitance. EV kit Gerber files can be

requested at www.maxim-ic.com.

Power-Supply Layout

To minimize coupling between different sections of the

IC, a star power-supply routing configuration with a

large decoupling capacitor at a central V CC node is rec-

ommended. The V CC traces branch out from this node,

each going to a separate V CC node in the circuit. Place

a bypass capacitor as close as possible to each supply

pin. This arrangement provides local decoupling at

each V CC pin. Use at least one via per bypass capacitor

for a low-inductance ground connection. Do not share

the capacitor ground vias with any other branch and the

exposed paddle ground.

32

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